US Coin Proof Set Price - What Are Contorniatos?

Those who follow this blog must be interested in knowing more about the Contorniatos, so in today’s post, we are going to talk about this interesting subject.

It is commonly referred to as ‘contorniatos’ a certain kind of pseudo-monetary medallions produced in Rome during the IV and V centuries AD of the similar size to a sestertius. The name "contorniato" is a modern designation numismatic studies are already in the sixteenth century and comes from the Italian word "contour". With this term refers to the grafila, i.e. the thin sunken line marks the edge of the front and back and which is the main feature of Contorniatos.

The second feature is that almost all blanks contorniatos have slightly raised edges, hammering effect was obtained Flan singing. The grafila is generally recorded on the inner side of that edge. Clearly, this incision is performed once the piece had been coined as in some cases it can be seen that the letters short legends. The bill distinguishes the contorniatos finally also by the limited visibility of their motives and the thinness of the tokens used.

Besides this peculiar formatting, contorniatos share many other unique attributes. They are typically of brass, although some are also conserved brass and other alloys. The vast majority was coined similarly to the coins of the time, but copies are known cast and others who have been directly recorded in the flan. All share represented motifs finally bill similar style somewhat awkward, spelling errors abound in their legends. It is also common, find monograms etched on their faces.

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The reasons are varied represented and there seems to be a clear connection between the front and back, at least not one recognizable today. However, the great common denominator are representations linked to the great Roman games, especially chariot races in the Circus Maximus and theatrical themes.
The scientists have made the most different explanations about what its role has been in the history.

The World's Most Valuable Coin: 10 Million For 1794 Silver Dollar

Since the coin is the basic subject of the blog, we try to discuss about the coins from all over the world and today we are talking about the American coins. It is important to tell you that in the last January 24, 2012, Stack Bowers auctioned a silver dollar ‘flowing hair’ 1794 to the fortune of $ 10,016,875. It is the highest price ever achieved at auction for a coin. The previous record was the same house in conjunction with Sotheby's, to be sold in 2002 Double Eagle, 1933 for the impressive sum of $7,590,020.

This remarkable figure was apparently the result of a hard struggle between various stakeholders for the reason that this coin depicts allegedly the best known example of this coinage with excellent gradation which in the opinion of the quite a few experts suggests that this is the first piece produced in 1794, the year when silver dollars were issued for the first time. This money would then be the first dollar of history, a title account that explains of its value.

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The coin was acquired by the house numismatic Legend Numismatics, and the owners said that they were willing to pay much more to be done yet this piece, which they have no intention of selling it for a while. Certainly consider it an excellent investment and its value will raise considerably over the passing time.

I think this record is a clear indication of the general trend of global numismatic market which extends to the specific market of Greek and Roman coins. It seems that, for the moment, the value of the most coveted pieces is no roof and would not surprise me that this year we saw other auctions with spectacular values.

The Story of Binio (The Double Aureus) Of Galo Trebonianus – Component # 2

This post is in continuity with the last one.

David Sear considered likely that the Binio had been valued according to their weight (Roman Coins and their values, vol. III, p. 227) but if so, would have had no incentive to introduce this new currency. In my opinion, the purpose of the Roman state was that the coin would be accepted at face value, at least by those who receive the latter, which have been mostly soldiers and officials. It is difficult, however, that then circulated Binio its market value when the constant handling had already alerted golden economic actors about the need to determine the quality of each part used in a the transaction.

The production of nuismática the brief reign of Galo also distinguished by the originality of some of its reverse types which can only be interpreted as allusions to the complex situation of the empire in those years. The Binio is a clear example. Its back to the representation of Apollo "healer" should be interpreted, no doubt, as a request to God to release Rome from the suffering caused by the plague.

The End

Reassured temporarily Danube front, new problems erupted in the East. In 251, Shapur annexed Armenia, and soon after took Nisibis. In a brilliant lightning campaign the following year would capture Antioch. From 252 until well into the 253, the Persians terrorized the surrounding area, but the population of the region organized his own military resistance against the enemy, making Shapur saw eventually forced to retire. Since the summer of 253, the proclamation of Emilio Marco Emiliano-Galo's successor as governor of Moesia, by his troops. His subsequent march on Rome to face the Gothic king Galo Cniva encouraged to take advantage of the situation and renew hostilities. As had been few troops in the province could advance without much trouble to Macedonia. At the same time, Emiliano out winner of the civil war and was killed Galo.

The target may have been backed Emiliano the Danube to ensure that border before proceeding against Persia, however, faced a new rival for dominance of the imperial throne, Valeriano. The armies of the two met in September of 253, near Spoletium, where Emiliano, before the start of the fight, was killed by his own men who recognized as the emperor Valerian.

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The Story of Binio (The Double Aureus) Of Galo Trebonianus – Component # 1

In the first part of this post, I present a brief introduction to the reign of Treboniano Galo and monetary production. Today, this emperor is a little known but had to deal with one of the most critical periods in the history of Rome, marked by military disaster and a terrible epidemic.

A Reign Of Chaos

After the death of Decius, the overall situation seems to become of a chaotic empire accentuating the weakness of borders and the internal struggle for the power. Again, a new emperor had to be elected on the spot. The troops chose C. Vibius Trebonianus Gallus, governor of Moesia Senate. Galo quickly needed to make peace with the Goths both to stabilize a military situation could not be reversed easily, like to travel to Rome to secure his position on the throne. The Goths agreed to leave the imperial territory, but on condition of their captives and booty, and payment by the rule of an annual grant. After agreeing with the Goths, Galo returned to Italy, and his proclamation was formally confirmed by the Senate. A military crisis is compounded by the devastation caused by the plague, which seems to have reached its peak during the brief reign of Gallus.

The payment of subsidies to ensure peace with the Goths aggravated undoubtedly the already delicate financial situation of the empire forcing a further reduction in the silver content antoninianus to cover the rising costs. Galo Treboniano's reign marked and a new floor for the antoninianus that started minting coins with just a little more than 35% silver.

Double Golden, "Binio" By Galo Treboniano

Galo's reign also marked the golden deterioration. For the first time, during the reign of Gallus reduced the purity of gold used to cradle which fell from 99% to 97%. Furthermore, the file was used to introduce a "golden double" (traditionally called "Binio"), a gold coin valued heavier twin was noted in the conventional manner by the portrait of the emperor on the obverse striped crown. Although theoretically equivalent to two golden, the Binio had an average weight of only 5.8 grams, while the golden Galo reached the 3.65 grams. That is, their metal content was well below to the two golden face values.

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Monetary history Of Maximino Rome To Gordian III – Part 2

This post is related with the last one and I am continuing it from the poit where I left it.

Maximino represented a new kind of emperor who did not seek to relate to the ruling elites of the empire in the traditional ways. His reign marked the beginning of a period of political instability repeatedly tend to aggravate economic and fiscal problems of the Roman state. In late March of 238 AD, a revolt broke out in Thysdrus (now El Djem), in the province of Africa Proconsular, which had its starting point in the resistance of the landlords against imperial collectors. The governor of the province, the old M. Antonio Roman Gordian Semproniano participated in the revolt and was hailed as emperor, taking his son and namesake as his colleague on the throne.

When the governor of Numidia and the army intervened to quell the revolt, the situation became hopeless for Gordian. About three weeks after its proclamation, were decisively defeated before the walls of Carthage. Gordian II died in the battle and his father hanged himself in the city. This seemed to have been the end of the incident; however, Gordian had charge of announcing the theft to the Roman Senate, who rushed to support them. Maximino and his son were sentenced as public enemies and its officials and supporters in the city wee also killed. The Senate support made the new emperors recognized in many other provinces.

 

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When news of the quick end of the Gordian reached Rome, it was too late to change course. The emperors were deified dead, and two new occupants of the throne chosen from leading senators, M. Maximo Pupienus Clodius and D. Calvin Celio Balbinus. On the day of their appointment (late April or early May 238) Balbinus Pupienus were forced by the populace of Rome to accept as his colleague with the rank of Caesar, the grandson of Gordian I, M. Antonio Gordian (Gordian III) who was only thirteen years old.

Trajan Decius And The Series Of The "Divi" Honoring Deified Emperors & The Evolution Of Coins

Decio Budalia born near Sirmium (now Serbia); it would be, therefore, the first in a long line of the emperors that ruled in the Roman world. However, unlike the soldier-emperors of the last third of the third century AD, before reaching the throne, Decius had reached the highest levels of imperial society, having been consul and prefect of the city of Rome and having joined by traditional marriage with the senatorial aristocracy.

The versions that have come down to us on his accession contain, no doubt, some later elaborations as Decio trying to exculpate its liability in usurping against King Philip. Having been sent by him to Illyria to quell the revolt of Pacatiano, finished in May or June of 249, was proclaimed emperor by his troops, allegedly against his will. Decius had by then about 60 years old.

The Number of Divisions

In general, Decio policy was clearly conservative answer, apparently, to a diagnosis that adjudicated the problems of the empire to a distancing from traditional values and this was especially true in the field of religion. Decius issued an edict requiring all citizens of the empire to take part in the traditional sacrifices to the gods for the safety of the empire. The authorities would issue a certificate to each person once it had complied with the order. The refusal of Christians to participate initiated the first major systematic persecution of the church.

The reverence for the past of Rome and the insistence on the need to recover the old virtues that had brought her to greatness as the only remedy for the problems of the time is also one of the themes of the coins of Decius. This is particularly clear in the famous series of antoniniani Decio minted in Rome in honor of the "divine", eleven emperors of the past who were deified after his death, although, mysteriously, is included Alexander Severus, who had never been officially elevated to the rank of God. The other ten are commemorated emperors Augustus, Vespasian, Titus, Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Marcus Aurelius, Septimius Severus Comfortable.

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Reproduced pictures minted coins of each of these carried emperors, but, of course, provided the crown ray indicating that it is antoniniani. Only two reverse coin in this series, an altar from which rises a flame and an eagle with open wings. The obverse legend always contains some version of the name of each emperor accompanied the epithet "divo" while on the back bearing the word only consecratio, referring to the official deification process conducted by the Senate.

It is very interesting that the emperors honored in this series are not what would be expected according to the views of the past imperial senatorial historiography presents. In particular, the inclusion of a figure like Commodus (the literary sources that convey a negative unanimously) is particularly eloquent in this regard. In my opinion, this is because the antoniniani were aimed at a wide audience and included those deified rulers of the oral tradition of the people of the empire retained a positive image. Hence, the presence of the son of Marcus Aurelius, who was recalled by the Roman people as a host of wonderful shows. On the other hand, it is striking that the list of those who deified emperors Decius omitted from the series: Julius Caesar, Claudius, Lucius Verus, Pertinax and Caracalla. Consider it likely that the first was set aside because it was not considered an emperor while the other four were judged as sufficiently relevant figures.

Despite its conservative propaganda and his tribute to the virtues of the past, the reign of Decius involved no break in the deterioration of Roman coins. While paying tribute to the emperors of the past, the few that were circulating imperial denarii were simply reacuñados as antoniniani. That is, doubling its value without modifying their metal content. The introduction of a "double sestertius" by Decius appears that the price increases had reached a level that had become obsolete sestertius, a coin that more than two centuries and a half had been one of the centerpieces of the Roman monetary system.